![]() Changing tidal ranges altered the prediction of the surge enough to induce the changes in peak water levels.Īntony C, Unnikrishnan AS (2013) Observed characteristics of tide-surge interaction along the east coast of India and the head of Bay of Bengal. The water level rise due to the storm surge during high tide was greater at neap tide than at spring tide. The storm surge heights at different tidal stations were significantly influenced by wind stresses and directions. We found that the tide-surge interaction influenced both the magnitude and timing of the surge, which depended on the typhoon path. The validated model was then applied to probe the influence of tide-surge interaction on phase, water levels, and storm surge height. ![]() The results show reasonable agreement between the simulated and observed tidal levels. The model was calibrated and verified with the observed tidal levels at six tidal stations for seven typhoon events to ascertain the capability and feasibility of the model. Tidal elevations at the open boundaries coupled with a global ocean tidal model and the meteorological conditions using a cyclone model are used to drive the model. Wu J (1982) Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface from breeze to hurricane.An unstructured grid, two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established and applied to the coast of Taiwan to investigate the tide-surge interaction. Wu J (1980) Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions-a revisit. Woodworth PL, Tsimplis MN, Flather RA, Shennan I (1999) A review of the trends observed in British Isles mean sea level data measured by tide gauges. In: Peregrine DH (ed) Floods due to high winds and tides. Wolf J (1981) Surge–tide interaction in the North Sea and River Thames. 127, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool, UK, pp 20 Williams JA, Flather RA (2000) Interfacing the Operational Storm Surge Model to a new Mesoscale Atmospheric Model. Smith SD, Banke EG (1975) Variation of the surface drag coefficient with wind speed. McInnes KL, Macadam I, Hubbert GD, O’Grady JG (2009) A modelling approach for estimating the frequency of sea level extremes and the impact of climate change in Southeast Australia. Lowe JA, Gregory JM, Flather RA (2001) Changes in the occurrence of storm surges around the United Kingdom under a future climate scenario using a dynamic storm surge model driven by Hadley Centre climate models. Jones JE, Davies AM (1998) Storm surge computations for the Irish Sea using a three-dimensional numerical model including wave–current interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 300 Janssen PAEM (2004) The interaction of ocean waves and wind. Janssen PAEM (1989) Wave-induced stress and the drag of air flow over sea waves. In: RK Pachauri, A Reisinger (eds), Cambridge University Press, UK. IPCC (2007) IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report. Horsburgh KJ, Wilson C (2007) Tide–surge interaction and its role in the distribution of surge residuals in the North Sea. Holt JT, James DJ (2001) An s coordinate density evolving model of the northwest European continental shelf: 1. Gill AE (1982) Atmosphere–ocean dynamics. The results show that sea level rise has greater potential to increase surge levels than increased wind speeds.īrown JM, Wolf J (2009) Coupled wave and surge modelling for the eastern Irish Sea and implications for model wind-stress. We use this modelling system to investigate the impact of enhanced wind velocities and increased sea levels on the peak surge elevation and residual current pattern. In order to simulate the surge, we have set up a one-way nested approach, using the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System 3D baroclinic model, from a domain covering the whole NW European continental shelf, through to a 1.85 km Irish Sea model both areas are forced by tides, atmospheric pressure and winds. Using a previously modelled and validated historical extreme surge event, in November 1977, we now investigate the changes in peak surge as a result of possible future climate conditions. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Flood Risk from Extreme Events (FREE) project, Coastal Flooding by Extreme Events and EU FP7 Morphological Impacts and Coastal Risks Induced by Extreme Storm Events project are investigating the flood risks in the eastern Irish Sea, an area that includes most of England’s coastal types. It is believed that, in the future, the intensity and frequency of extreme coastal flooding events may increase as a result of climate change.
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